Anaginōskō – To Read

Anaginōskō translates in English “to read”. It is in the Strong’s under G314 where you find it means to read, decern, or gather knowledge. Yes, there are several forms and tenses of this compound word in Greek, good luck with all of those. This study started with Luke 10:26 – He said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou? (KJV) It then led me to a very loose look at reading and gathering knowledge. (Thank you, Bible Gateway, and Mounce.) In Hebrew qara means to read.

I will flip back a few pages in the Bible to see how the written word and the transmission of its knowledge would take place.

  1. Exodus 24:7 – Moses wrote down the Book of the Covenant and read it to the people.
  2. Deuteronomy 17:19 – When a king started to rule, he was to write a copy of the Law and read it so he would fear the Lord and keep the commandments. We never read of one king doing that.
  3. Deuteronomy 31:11 – When Israel came together (At the Feast?) the Law was to be read to them. Nehemiah made this happen.   

Our God who loves righteousness and wants people to choose to follow Him needs people to be able to write, read, and hear His love Letter to them. That means two things:1. We have to read, hear, and study His word to know Him better. 2. The people who translate His word for us better do a faithful job. Isaiah 29:11-13 speak to this, if you cannot read or do not read His word, we will have man-made rules that do not honor the Father.

Jesus as our Master Teacher asks six times in the Book of Matthew, “Have you not read”. I see the meaning of Anaginōskō here as “Have you not gathered understanding by reading”. Those references are 12:3, 12:5, 19:4, 21:16, 21:42, and 22:31. In His Sermons from the Two Mounts He requires the learner/reader to decern the ‘abomination of desolation’ spoken by the prophet Daniel in verse 24:15.

On your own. Anaginōskō or Strong’s G314 is used 32 times in the New Testament. Find and read the other times it is used and see what information and understanding you can gather.

Feeding 5000 – A Kingdom Lesson

For this post, I see the feeding of the 5000 as one of several Kingdom lessons for the disciples as to who Jesus was, the Son of God and Messiah. This is in the third block of teaching about the Kingdom of God/Heaven. This lesson is found in all four of the Gospels and is one that John uses to stress the fact that Jesus was the Son of God. The references are Matthew 14:13-21, Mark 6:30 – 44, Luke 9:10 – 17 (See Bible 911-Luke), and John 6:1 – 15. Feeding the 4000 is in Matthew 15: 29 – 39, and Mark 8:1-10.  

The sending out of the Twelve (Block #2) is around or before the Feast of Tabernacles, which is the seventh month after Passover. The final harvest for the year is in and the people have no crops to gather, so more people would have been free to listen. John, Chapter 7, states these miracles and teachings about the kingdom happened before the Feast.

John the Baptist’s death was a gate that opened for Jesus to move forward. The sign of the feeding combined with the anger from John’s death would have pushed people to make Jesus king.  Saint John extends this thought through Chapter 6, where some followers find it very difficult to continue with Jesus.

Feeding the 5000 was a “parable” for the disciples who had returned from their first solo ministry trip. They did not understand they could have fed the people; the anointing was upon them. The lesson was taught and later explained to them. Matthew and Mark add the feeding of the 4000 and the teaching about where “clean and unclean” come from and the example of the yeast of religious leaders.

In the narrative, the actual miracle is very short, with just one verse. Since I am viewing this as a teaching lesson, do not discount the prep work and follow-up material that reinforces the main point.  

The leftovers are important because the little boy (I think it was John Mark) was paid back so that his cup ran over. They became part of the lesson (Matthew 16) and a blessing for people who were not there and were fed later. Miracles can keep on giving if you let them.

I have fun doing these. Below is a combination of all four Gospel accounts of the story from the KJV. The verse numbers were left to give you an idea of which Gospel they came from. Mark and John were used the most, my choice, but I think I got all of the major thoughts in. Anything in italics was added by me.

30 And the apostles gathered themselves together unto Jesus, and told him all things, both what they had done, and what they had taught and when Jesus heard about John’s death.

31 And he said unto them, Come ye yourselves apart into a desert place, and rest a while: for there were many coming and going, and they had no leisure so much as to eat.

32 And they departed into a desert place belonging to the city called Bethsaida by ship privately over the sea of Galilee, which is the sea of Tiberias. When the people had heard thereof, they followed him on foot out of the cities.

2 And a great multitude saw them departing, and followed him, because they knew him, and saw his miracles which he did on them that were diseased. They ran afoot thither out of all cities, and outwent them, and came together unto him.

14 And Jesus went forth, and saw a great multitude, and was moved with compassion toward them, and he healed their sick. He received them, and spake unto them of the kingdom of God, and healed them that had need of healing.

3 And Jesus went up into a mountain, and there he sat with his disciples. 4 And the Passover, a feast of the Jews, was nigh.

 34 And Jesus, when he came out (of the boat), saw much people, and was moved with compassion toward them, because they were as sheep not having a shepherd: and he began to teach them many things.

35 And when the day was now far spent, his disciples came unto him, and said, This is a desert place, and now the time is far passed:

36 Send them away, that they may go into the country round about, and into the villages, and buy themselves bread: for they have nothing to eat.

He saith unto Philip, Whence shall we buy bread, that these may eat? (Philip was from Bethsaida)

6 And this he said to prove him: for he himself knew what he would do.

7 Philip answered him, Two hundred pennyworth of bread is not sufficient for them, that every one of them may take a little.

16 But Jesus said unto them, They need not depart; give ye them to eat.

38 He saith unto them, How many loaves have ye? go and see.

8 One of his disciples, Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother, saith unto him,

9 There is a lad here, which hath five barley loaves, and two small fishes: but what are they among so many?

10 And Jesus said, Make the men sit down. Now there was much grass in the place. So the men sat down, in number about five thousand.

And he said to his disciples, Make them sit down by fifties in a company.

40 And they sat down in ranks, by hundreds, and by fifties.

15 And they did so, and made them all sit down.

41 And when he had taken the five loaves and the two fishes, he looked up to heaven, and blessed, and brake the loaves, and gave them to his disciples to set before them; and the two fishes divided he among them all.

42 And they did all eat, and were filled.

12 When they were filled, he said unto his disciples, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost.

21 And they that had eaten were about five thousand men, beside women and children.

13 Therefore they gathered them together, and filled twelve baskets with the fragments of the five barley loaves, which remained over and above unto them that had eaten.

14 Then those men, when they had seen the miracle that Jesus did, said, This is of a truth that prophet that should come into the world.

15 When Jesus therefore perceived that they would come and take him by force, to make him a king, he departed again into a mountain himself alone.

Sling to Head or KE to PE

Sling to Head was launched from a comment in “The Bible and Science” series. I think the person who commented needed more than my metaphorical look at Newton’s First Law. I agree that I could add a little more science to the post.  This contribution still has a fair amount of metaphor in it because that is what I want to write.

1 Samuel 17:49 is the bullseye for my example of converting kinetic energy to potential energy. To make a solid hit, I will talk mainly about the stone once it is released from its sling by David. Like many motion problems, there is more than one thing that could be looked at.  

What gave the stone its kinetic energy? David rapidly rotated his sling, a strap with an area that held the stone. Long, long ago I did see a video of someone who constructed an experiment to test this feat. I remember the conclusion as positive; you could be that accurate and the stone could hit with enough force to break a bone.

The rotational speed of the sling was given to the stone at the moment of release. That is all of the kinetic energy it would have. Since it was probably a short distance to Goliath’s head speed lost to friction would be minimal. When it impacted the skull, its momentum allowed for the KE to be transferred until it came to rest and achieved potential energy. You may debate friction transfer and heat loss all you want.

Did David have help? Yes. Did an angel guide the stone? That I cannot answer, but it may have happened. It is also possible that Goliath’s head was held until the stone hit. Okay, the help I see is the anointing that David received from Samuel (16:13). He had the Spirit given to him and He stayed with David for his whole life. My take on 1 Samuel 16 is different from the popular version that has been circulated.

A fearful Samuel created panic in a troubled Jesse. David was out in the field, who knows where and Samuel was in a hurry. David should have been young, under fifteen and very likely twelve. He was just learning to read the Torah (sorry no bar mitzvah). It also makes sense that there were several years between 16:13 and 16:14. I believe that after the Oil was applied, he went from just a kid to the future king. His talents were magnified, and his abilities soared; he was better at slinging stones, music, leadership, and annoying his brothers.

A little metaphor – You are the stone in the hands of the King. With every spin in His sling, you gain speed with a direction (velocity) until He releases you at your giant. When the job is finished and the giant is brought down, He will give you rest until you are needed again.

Last to First with Some Great Words

Matthew 19:28 to 20:16 is a formal lesson on last/first. Matthew recorded four great words Jesus used in this teaching. I have used Strong’s Concordance for many years, recently I found Mounce’s Greek Interlinear to help in my studies, like this one. Which for me is great because the New Testament can be Greek in my mind at times. Tools like these can expand your study, but they are just two of many helpful resources. Go outside your box every now and then and let the Spirit expand your knowledge.

The four words that caught my attention have limited use in the New Testament, are important to the tone of the lesson, and/or I thought they were funny.

Palingenesia – Strong: G3824 is used by Jesus, in verse 28, to introduce and set the tone for His answer to Peter and to give a timeframe for His teaching. Regeneration is maybe the best translation for this word, but you may see new birth, renewal, or renovation in some translations. It is used twice in the New Testament; the other time is in Titus 3:5. Jesus includes the disciples and gives it a heavenly tone, but contrasts this against the thought that part of the receiving will be done here on earth.

Hama – Strong: G260. In 29:1 it is “early in the morning”. Hama is used 10x in the New Testament, in most of the other verses it is “at the same time”. Since the landowner is hiring workers at various times that is okay. If you reflect on the second usage, I believe it can change how view the Father’s desire and consistent practice of getting laborers into His field. 

Misthoō – Strong: G3409. It means to hire out. This word is used only twice in the New Testament- Matthew 20:1, 7. These refer to the first and the last workers to be hired, the third, sixth, and ninth-hour workers are offered payment and told to go. The first ones the owner went to hire and the last men no one had hired.

Ouchi – Strong: G3780. It appears in Matthew 20:13 and means “not or no”, the no is emphasized. The first hired are complaining and the owner says he is not unfair on the wages. Ouchi is used many times in the New Testament.

I believe these four great words, that Jesus uses, demonstrate how important the first to last and last to first concept is in the Kingdom.

Last and First – Matthew 17 to 21

Matthew 17 to 21 is what I call the Forth Block of Kingdom Teaching, and we will focus on the “first to last, leaders to servants, greatest to the humble” teachings Jesus gave His disciples. These chapters start with the Transfiguration and go to Jesus delivering His first sermon from the Two Mounts. I have used mentions of John the Baptist to frame the blocks of teachings about the Kingdom. Yes, there are other thoughts and teachings in this period. Three standout examples are: Jesus was questioned twice on divorce, He uses children several times in His teachings, and foretells His death twice. If I extend the block into His Sermons on the Two Mounts (the fifth block), He tells two parables about weddings. Jesus’ changes in physical locations are also worth noting.

This Last to First series of studies has already challenged some long-held paradigms. That is never comfortable; it is necessary but not pleasant. There are many first/last ideas in these chapters. After playing the tour guide of Jesus’ travels I will focus on three related kingdom thoughts.

His Final Pilgrimage – I will not go into great detail here, as I have done some of that in other studies. Even His movements have a “least to great” lesson in them.

  • He is on the mount where He is transfigured and meets with Moses and Elijah. (John the Baptist is mentioned here.)
  • Capernaum, for the last time.  
  • Jesus leaves the land of Naphtali and Zebulun (Galilee). He “goes over” the Jordan and to the area across from Jericho.
  • If you check with the other Gospels, He does several trips to the west bank.
  • He begins His final trip to Jerusalem by crossing the Jordan and going to Jericho. He is busy here and possibly was there for several days.
  • He travels to the Mount of Olives where He sends for a donkey.
  • Jesus does a “victory ride” into Jerusalem and inspects the Temple. (John the Baptist is mentioned in His first of two sermons on Tuesday of Holy Week.)

I know that I have a tendency to single out a story or thought. It seems that the Holy Spirit has grouped several separate lessons together to highlight a theme. In this block, the timespan is probably several weeks and completely different locations. The audience however is the Twelve Disciples and the others in His camp.

Children – Chapter 18 opens with the disciples wanting to know who was going to be the greatest (megas) in the kingdom of heaven. There is no doubt, in my mind, that they were asking about an earthy kingdom. I believe that Jesus planted the seed for this question when He asked about the Temple tax. The Master Teacher did a show and tell by using a little (mikros) child to focus on being humble (tapeinoō). The test for this teaching unit came in 19:13-15. The disciples did not make an “A” so Jesus did a quick reteach.

The Father then supplied an object lesson of a rich young ruler who did not want to become humble. This “righteous” child of Abraham, this megas, knew something was missing. Jesus quizzed him on Commandments 5-9, and he was good. I always find it interesting that Commandments 1- 4 were not mentioned. (Exodus 20) You may form your own opinion on that. His title and money had not brought him peace and he doubted his salvation. The young man did not like Jesus’ answer, he wanted a spiritual answer and was told to do away with his earthy hinderance. (I have not forgotten the l. Earthy = dust.)

Put a Selah in-between 19:22 and 23. Ignore the French printer’s chapter break and look at 19:23 to 20:16 as one whole, new lesson.

Last/First – The Spirit and Matthew changed terms in this new teaching, but the thought stays true. The “camp of disciples” saw the megas’ first (prōtos) position, and they knew he had salvation, because! Jesus segways from the earthy kingdom and moves to the Heavenly one in 19:28. The word/phrase is “palingenesia” Strong G3824. (All of the Greek is from Mounce.) It means renewal, new birth, or regeneration.

Your heart and vision will determine how you view first (prōtos) and last (eschatos). Your starting position is important. There is an interesting switch in last/first from 19:30 to 20:16, see my first post in this series.

John’s Eema – I have no doubt that John and James’ mother was in the camp that left Capernaum. There is no reason not to think that she had heard all of the teachings and witnessed the miracles that were done by Jericho. Like the young ruler, she asks a kingdom question. Was she talking about the earthy one or the Heavenly one? Jesus’ answer is about the Heavenly one. It is not settled in my mind if the disciples realized that Jesus was talking about a different kingdom than what they thought was coming. In verse 25, He meets them where they are and talks about leaders (megas) and servants (diakonos). See Paul and Slaves. Mom’s question makes you think about the disciples’ question in Chapter 18.

Jesus has told His disciples several times that He is going to Jerusalem to die. Did that sink in before the Garden? The questions and indignant feelings make me want to say no. But they heard and eventually lived the teaching, may we be able to say that also.   

Recap –

Before the Rich Man – In this series of teachings Jesus answers how to be the greatest or first in the kingdom. The lessons had a “least” action: finding lost sheep, forgiving someone, and helping little children come to Jesus. The last or least path is the way to go.

The Kingdom Teaching – Matthew 19:28 and 20:1 give this idea a heavenly setting. In between those verses, it is very heavenly. The parable in chapter 20 lends itself to the Earth. This really does need more study.

After the Teaching – John’s eema is an example of what not to be. Jesus’ ride into Jerusalem is an interesting lesson about the topic. Jesus rode into the city as a “great or first” and carried a cross out of the city as a “servant or last”. Then because of the shame-ridden cross, He became Lord and Master of all.