Category Archives: The Lord’s Prayer

The Lord’s Prayer Built from Thoughts of the Old Testament

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Matthew 6:9-13, the text is from the New American Standard Bible. I removed punctuation and verse numbers. Any parenthesis, I added. 

Our Father

  • Isaiah 63:16 and 64:8. 63:16 – Doubtless thou art our father, though Abraham be ignorant of us, and Israel acknowledge us not: thou, O Lord, art our father, our redeemer; thy name is from everlasting. KJV
  • Malachi 2:10

I thought there would be many references to God/Lord as Father. These three are the only ones I found; as I thought about that I realized that Hebrews took/take God and what they call Him very serious because of respect for Him. Hebrew Concordance: ’ā·ḇî·nū — 19 Occurrences

Who is in heaven

  • Psalm 2:4, 11:4, 14:2, 20:6, (33:13 and 53:2 refer to Him looking down), 115:3, 123:1 136:26. 115:3 But our God is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he hath pleased. KJV
  • Ecclesiastes 5:2
  • Isaiah 63:15, 66:1 “My throne”; 14:12 references Satan NOT being in Heaven
  • Lamentations 3:50
  • Daniel 2:18,19,28,37,44; 4:37; 5:23
  • Jonah 1:9

These first two lines clearly state who we are praying to and where He is. Israel was surrounded by pagans that had their gods living on a mountain or in a temple or a hole in the ground. I am glad to say these lines worked as even current pagans know where our Father lives. It would be good if you did your own wordsearch on heaven in the Old Testament. As you do make note of the Books of the Bible and the action going on around the reference. I found it interesting. I used the NIV in BibleGateway.com.

Hallowed (Holy) be Your name

  • Leviticus 20:3, 22:2 and 32
  • 1 Chronicles 16:10, 35; 29:16 O Lord our God, all this store that we have prepared to build thee an house for thine holy name cometh of thine hand, and is all thine own. KJV
  • Psalm 30:4, 33:21, 97:12, 103:1, 105:3, 106:47, 111:9, 145:21
  • Isaiah 29:23
  • Ezekiel 20:39; 36:20,21,22; 43:7,8: 39:25, 7 – So will I make my holy name known in the midst of my people Israel; and I will not let them pollute my holy name any more: and the heathen shall know that I am the Lord, the Holy One in Israel.
  • Amos 2:7

Please see my post Hallow or Hollow.

Your kingdom come

There was no easy wordsearch results for this petition. John the Baptist and then Jesus did proclaim this idea in Matthew. After musing on this, I became okay with that fact. For me, the foreshadowing came in Isaiah. Isaiah 2:2 has “come let us go to the mountain of the Lord” and then 2:12 is one of many references to “a day or the day”. The “Day” is referred to many times in Isaiah and the other prophets and is connected with a time to come, many of them are hard times. Another line of thought deals with “new” things the Father does, so His kingdom was always advancing. For an example: Abraham to Jacob’s sons, to Moses, to Saul, to David, to Jesus and His Church. (As I read Isaiah 11: 10-13, I had to add this reference; they are the banner of the Root of Jesse and the banner for the nations with Israelites in exile.)

Your will be done

  • Genesis 28:15 a promise to Jacob
  • Exodus 34:10
  • Numbers 23:23
  • 1 Samuel 2:32 positive for Israel not Eli
  • 2 Samuel 7:21
  • Psalm 22:31, 28:5, 64:9, 78:4, 118:17
  • Isaiah 25:1, 13:2, 12:4 – And in that day shall ye say, Praise the Lord, call upon his name, declare his doings among the people, make mention that his name is exalted.  63:7 – I will mention the lovingkindnesses of the Lord, and the praises of the Lord, according to all that the Lord hath bestowed on us, and the great goodness toward the house of Israel, which he hath bestowed on them according to his mercies, and according to the multitude of his lovingkindnesses. (both are KJV)
  • Ezekial 37:14
  • Joel 2:20

These are examples of God “doing” because of unfaithfulness.

  • Jeremiah 5:19, 21:12, 22:8, 23:2, 26:3
  • Ezekial 5:9, 9:10, 11:21
  • Deuteronomy 29:24

This search centered on the word “done”, so some translations may use different words, but the fact that God did things is present in the verses. There are multiple chapters in Isaiah that talk about “will” and how that relates to God’s people. See Isaiah 53 – 56 and 59 – 62.

On earth as it is in heaven

  • Psalm 91:11, 103:20
  • Isaiah Chapter 6
  • Ezekiel Chapters 1-3
  • Daniel 3:28, but the whole book is filled with heaven directing actions on earth.
  • Zechariah Chapters 1-6 and 12:8

This part of the prayer, I believe, is best seen when angels and humans intersect, and visions or visitations to the Lord’s throne room. My list may be very small, but you can get the idea.

Give us this day our daily bread

This is a very special phrase in our prayer. It is built around the word epiousios, and it is the first time it was used in Greek writing. My Old Testament thoughts were the Manna and the Quail, giving the land a Sabbath rest and Jubilee, and the promise to Hezekiah after the Assyrians invaded Judah (that really sounds like Jubilee).

Bread in the Bible – Epiousios
Epiousios a Second Thought
Artos in the Book of Matthew

And forgive us our debts

  • Exodus 34:9
  • Psalm 79:9
  • Hosea 14:2
  • The Day of Atonement, reference Leviticus 16 and 23, and Numbers 29:7.

As we also have forgiven our debtors

For me this is a Jesus concept. There are many examples of people asking for forgiveness from Father God; use forgive in a word search. King Saul did ask Samuel to “forgive” him and join him in sacrificing but that was more for his pride than anything else. The Brothers asked Joseph, but that again was a shady deal. I may have missed examples, so let me know and I will add it to the study. I am looking for one person asking another person for forgiveness.

And do not lead us into temptation (trial)

For me this is a Jesus concept. The idea and practice of Father God leading His people has many examples, Psalm 23 and Him being our Shepherd. It is the “not lead us into temptation/trial” that is alluding me. Verse 3 in Psalm 23 is the most direct example; again, please share if you have one.

But deliver us from evil (the evil one)

  • Exodus 14:13
  • 1 Samuel 7:3
  • 2 Kings 17:39
  • Psalms 6:4, 7:1, 18:2, 56:13, 59:2, 71:4, 97:10

As I have read through Psalms, Isaiah, and the New Testament it is hard not to see how Jesus and the disciples referenced the “Bible” they knew. (Look at the footnotes, if your Bible has them.) That is the reason for this study on how the Lord’s Prayer was built from the Old Testament.

The Lord’s Prayer – Two Additions to the Study

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Job 23:12 and Proverbs 30:8 have a phrase that caught my attention – Daily bread. When Jesus taught the Prayer, provisions was the first petition after acknowledging God and praising Him. In Matthew and Luke, the Greek word is epiousios. It was translated daily bread, but since that was the first time it was used in Greek the exact meaning is vague. I was surprised to find the phrase daily bread was not used that many times in the Bible. The Hebrew gives you the idea of a legal amount and that is enough to cover you for that day. Strong’s Hebrew: 2706. חֹק (choq) — Statute, decree, ordinance, law, regulation

As leaders of the government Nehemiah and Solomon had daily food allotments. There are many times that food, supplies, and provisions are given to and for people going on trips or to war. Use those as search words; be flexible as those terms change with translators and when they were writing. My take-away is simple, God is interested in your wellbeing and wants to take care of you.

The other addition to the study is a precursor to the Lord’s Prayer. I grew-up in a denominational church that included the afterthought to Luke’s version of the prayer in all of its writings and study helps.  1 Chronicles 29:11 is a prayer from David when he was rejoicing that the people were giving to the building of the temple. It sounded like the beginning and the end of the prayer I grew-up with.

1 Chronicles 29:11 Thine, O Lord is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory, and the majesty: for all that is in the heaven and in the earth is thine; thine is the kingdom, O Lord, and thou art exalted as head above all. (KJV)

Lord’s Prayer – Forever

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Matthew 6: 13b – For Yours is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever. Amen 

Well, this sentence appears to have been added to the copies of Matthew and Luke. If you start reading the internet the theories abound as to why. One that was echoed several times was it made Luke sound more like the prayer in Matthew. The denomination I grew up in used this line. I want to say there was an additional “ever” at the end, but that might just have been me.

Yes, there are differences in the manuscripts of the Gospels over the centuries. Check your footnotes as many times these slight additions or missing words will be noted. The NIV (1984) documents lines and phrases that appear to have been added or not in all ancient manuscripts – Matthew 24:36, 23:13, 21:44, 19:29, 18:15, 17:20, 16:2 and 3, 15:14, and 6, 12:47, 6:13, 5:44 and 22, 26:28, 27:35 and 46. (Guess how I explored that thought?)

Another fact I looked into this morning was the original languages the Gospels were written in. Since I have pointed out in 6:11 about epiousious and how special of a word it is; I will point out that Matthew’s first copies were written in Hebrew.

Here are some resources:

John’s first manuscripts are in Greek.

People have definite opinions on the meaning of Revelation 22:18 and 19. With this prayer I see a well-traveled and often said petition to the Father. The slight variations, I feel, reflect years of repetition through various cultures and languages. It is hard to image that the prayer was used from Ireland to India and the Arctic Circle to the Equator hundreds of years before the Great Bible ever made it to paper.

Lord’s Prayer – Deliver Us

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Matthew 6: 13 And do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil. (NASB) Luke 11:4b does not have “but deliver us from evil”.

As I have studied this portion of the Lord’s Prayer and its various words and their meanings from the Greek, I have had a feeling that how you view Father God will influence your feelings about these twelve words. The various forms of the Greek words with their jots and tittles do dictate what word the translator may use, and the King James version is what is most accepted. Unless you have an Exodus 34:6 and 7 knowledge of our Father, and see the good things Nehemiah 9 tells that God did for His Children; I fear that it is easy to use this verse to project wrong thinking towards God.

Psalm 23 gives you an idea of God’s leading, yes, I have made reference to this Psalm for His epiousious provision. Verses 2-4 talks about leading by quiet waters and through the valley of the shadow of death. The path of righteousness is special; it is a well-marked track (See H4570).  Strong’s Hebrew: 4570. מַעְגָּל (magal or magalah) — Path, track, course, circuit

The Greek words deserve a good look. I am not putting these in order, so use the links if you want to go further. Matthew 6:13 Greek Text Analysis

There is a “legal” side in this part also, I see this in #G 4506. We asked for His Kingdom to come, and this part does show the mission of bringing us to Him and away from the evil one. These last few posts have talked about provision, forgiveness, and now the mission of His Kingdom.

Lord’s Prayer – Forgive, Sin/Debts

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Matthew 6:12 and Luke 11:4a focuses on two things: forgive and sins/debits. No, these are not perfectly identical. Luke’s version is longer and gives more details. I suggest you use Mounce or do a text analysis and compare our translations with the Greek. A major difference between Matthew and Luke is that Luke uses two words for sins. Here are some of the words you will see in these two versions of the Lord’s Prayer.

Matthew 6:12 MOUNCE – and forgive us our sins, as we also – Bible Gateway

Luke 11:4 MOUNCE – and forgive us our sins, for we – Bible Gateway

In non-biblical Greek writings, the words forgive, sin, and debit are frequently found in legal and commercial matters. This complements Jesus’ last utterance on the cross of a single Greek word. That single word was tetelestai, that is everything, everyone, and all has been paid for, and any debit has been taken care of in the future. THANK YOU, LORD JESUS.

This legal side of righteousness reminds me of the verses of Exodus 34:6-7 and Nehemiah 9:17 where the attributes of God are given. Him being willing to forgive us is just one of the things He is and does.