Ephesians

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Welcome to my study on Ephesians. My objective as I study Ephesians is to learn some Greek as I explore the thoughts Paul gave to the church where he invested two-plus years of his life. I want to use the words and phrases to hear the loving advice that a father/pastor gave his children, and not just dogma and doctrine. What caught my attention were the Greek “one-use” and “limited use” words in the first chapter. God bless translators, but I want to personally restore study to a verb and not limit it to a noun. I studied this Book for months a looong time ago; now for a second look.

To study the Book of Ephesians well, we should start with an overview of the city in the corpus of the New Testament and in the life of Paul. It is possible that the first contact that Ephesus had with the Gospel came on the Day of Pentecost. There were visitors from Asia (Acts 2:9), which is where Ephesus was located. It was a port city and Paul used that during his second and third trips to preach the Gospel.

I believe that Paul used his traditions as a tool to strengthen his relationship with God. I do not believe they replaced his mission or fellowship with the Father and Jesus. Customs and traditions did not become fig leaves and bushes for Paul. The Holy Spirit used his heritage to bring him toward God and did not let them become a stopping point.

In Acts 18:18, Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila had sailed from Corinth and arrived at Ephesus. Paul continued his habit of going to the local synagogue and preaching. After a successful first contact with the people, Paul left Priscilla and Aquila there as he continued to Israel and Jerusalem to fulfill his vow.

Acts 19 is a series of vignettes of Paul’s two-plus years in Ephesus. Verse one reminds me that we do not have “perfect knowledge” of everything Paul did. Meticulous Luke gave us a vague timestamp that may imply this was associated with his trip back from Jerusalem/Israel or it was a “walk about” in the region of Ephesus. (Enough minutia.) Is this chapter an exemplar of Paul going into cities?

  1. Find people who are interested in the ways of God. John baptized to prepare people’s hearts for the coming of Jesus.
  2. Give them the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
  3. Teach publicly.
  4. Have signs and wonders witness to the spoken and taught Word.
  5. People attempt to imitate what the Holy Spirit is doing.
  6. A deep repentance followed by an outpouring of the Lord.
  7. Nonbelievers who are angry at God take it out on believers.

Acts 20 – Paul was in a hurry, and may not have wanted to start another riot, sails past Ephesus but sends for the elders of the church. This intense goodbye has elements that will be seen again in the Book to the Ephesians and the writing in Revelations.  

The Book of Ephesians

Like his farewell in Acts 20, Paul has prayers, reminders, and useful information in this Letter. As I look at my circles, highlights, and what I underlined Paul includes many references to God, Father, Lord Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit. That lets you know what and who he thought was important. He also mentions that he is a prisoner several times as a wakeup for the Church.

Jesus’ Statement in Revelations

The thoughts of the Spirit in this last mention of Ephesus are in agreement with Acts 20 and Paul’s Letter. There is no clear or easy segway from Paul to John when it comes to Ephesus. There are many dates out there as to when they showed up in the city and they will leave you confused. The Spirit decided to not give us those. From Priscilla and Aquila to Paul, and through John God worked and used Ephesus to spread His word in Asia/Turkey.

I know people love to go cryptic in this Book, but John wrote all of this with 1:19 in mind. I am not completely sure that we as later believers in Jesus were to know everything that Jesus referred to in His praises and warnings to this and the other churches.

Moses’ Psalms – Part 2

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In Part 2, I will look/focus on Moses’ Psalms or Songs outside of the Book of Psalms. I believe that Moses and his Chief Songwriter, the Holy Spirit, crafted these songs to help the people reflect where he and they had been and where they were going. In Part 1 I focused on his songs that were in Psalms.

One way to read the works of Moses (Exodus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, and his songs) is to see his personal growth, victories, and failures in his writings and songs. In the first third of his life, he knew his history but was trained in the ways of Egypt. In the second third of his life, he had the influence of a priest of Midian, so who knows what he heard. His final third starts off with a burning bush and a showdown with the Egyptian court that raised him; all of that in less than two years.

Exodus 15 – I have to wonder if lines and verses of this song started coming to him as soon as he got word from Pharoah to leave. Hear the joy in this song but do not miss his personal vindication as he shouts, “He is my God, and I will praise Him”.

The mighty Egyptian army was crushed by the very thing that saved the people, the Red Sea. Moses stresses God’s mighty right hand and His arm, both symbols of strength. He is given a prophetic element in verses 14 and 15 against the people they are going to conquer. This song ends with a vision of the good land to come.

Miriam, his older sister, quickly grabs a small part of the song and turns it into a catchy dance tune.  

Numbers 21:17-18

17 Then Israel sang this song: Spring up, well—sing to it!
18 The princes dug the well; the nobles of the people hollowed it out
with a scepter and with their staffs. (HCSB)

I am giving Moses credit for this song. You will need to give some leeway on this song and the “well”. Either there was an unrecorded water source, or this is the water from Exodus 17:6. If it is Exodus 17, verse 18 has a lot of imagery and imagination in comparison to what we think happened. I have a feeling that it was sung every time they came to a water source.

This is near the end of the years of wandering. Moses had just made the bronze snake and the defeat of Sihon and Og was about to take place, followed by a huge test that was orchestrated by Balaam and the Midianites.    

Psalm 111

Before you rush to write a “wait a minute” comment, please let me explain. Book V in Psalms (107-150) was possibly assembled to reflect Moses’ fifth book – Deuteronomy. It has songs of ascent (121 to 134), the longest Psalm (119), and the shortest Psalm (117), some are read during Passover (113 – 118), and many have no author. A footnote in the NIV has Psalms 98 and 111 as being quoted in the Song of Moses and the Lamb in Revelation.

Read this Psalm; you can hear Moses singing this to teach Israel about its God. (See Part 1.) He uses many ideals past and future to strengthen the people’s faith in their God. It is an acrostic psalm, which is another excellent way to teach people.     

Deuteronomy 32

I believe this is Moses’ opus reflecting on the last forty years of his time with Israel and his time in the physical presence of his Rock. You can’t help but hear the regret in this song about him not speaking to the rock.

Before you read Chapter 32 it would do you good to read 31:19-22. Moses wrote this song as a testament against Israel in the future. These are not a “light” read but the song has plenty of God’s thoughts for and about His people.

Revelation 15:3 and 4

3 And they sing the song of Moses the servant of God, and the song of the Lamb, saying, Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Almighty; just and true are thy ways, thou King of saints. 4 Who shall not fear thee, O Lord, and glorify thy name? for thou only art holy: for all nations shall come and worship before thee; for thy judgments are made manifest. (KJV)

Phrases in this song are drawn from Psalm 111:2,3; Deut. 32:4; Jer. 10:7; Psalms 86:9; 98:2. All of the verse below are from the NIV. The footnote is in Revelation 15 in Bible Gateway.

Psalm 111: 2 Great are the works of the Lord; they are pondered by all who delight in them. 3 Glorious and majestic are his deeds, and his righteousness endures forever.

 Deut. 32:4  He is the Rock, his works are perfect,
    and all his ways are just.
A faithful God who does no wrong,
    upright and just is he.

Jer. 10:7  Who should not fear you,
    King of the nations?
    This is your due.
Among all the wise leaders of the nations
    and in all their kingdoms,
    there is no one like you.

Psalms 86:9  All the nations you have made
    will come and worship before you, Lord;
    they will bring glory to your name.

Psalms 98:2  The Lord has made his salvation known
    and revealed his righteousness to the nations.

The placement of this song in Chapter 15 is interesting. The people who sing it have conquered the beast and his image. After they have sung the song, the Tabernacle of the Testimony is opened, and the final seven plagues will be released. (This Tabernacle is what Moses saw to make his copy for Israel.)

The Number Twenty-four in the Bible

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This collection of the number twenty-four in the Bible covers a large time span and a variety of things.

  • Numbers 7:88 – The leaders of the twelve tribes brought two oxen apiece (24 total) as an offering to dedicate the altar.
  • Numbers 25:9 – 24,000 Israelites died in the plague that came from the men indulging in immorality with the women of Moab and Midian. Balaam had suggested this to nullify God’s banner of protection over the People when he could not openly curse the nation.
  • 1 Chronicles 20:6 and 2 Samuel 21:20 – A giant, a descendant of Rapha, who was killed by David’s nephew, had 24 fingers and toes.
  • 1 Chronicles 27:1 – David had twelve divisions of his army that were on duty one month out of the year. Each division had 24,000 men for a total of 288,000.
  • 1 Kings 15:33 – Baasha King of Israel reigned for 24 years. He killed Nadab son of Jeroboam and the entire family of Jeroboam to gain power. He continued the sin of Jeroboam, having priests who were not from the family of Aaron.
  • 1 Chronicles 24:18 and 25:31 mark the 24th person on a list.

These are all days when words and visions were given to the prophets. They all are given after Cyrus gave the orders to rebuild the Temple in Jerusalem.

  • Daniel 10:4 – On the 24th day of the first month in the third year of Cyrus King of Persia Daniel was fasting and had a vision. I find it hard to think that Daniel would have fasted through Passover, but this would have been at the end of the Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread. It could be the first month of the civil calendar, which would put it at the time of the Day of Atonement. This was near the end of Daniel’s life and close to the time of Ezra.
  • Haggai 1:15 – The 24th day of the sixth month of the second year of King Darius the Great. (This is not the Darius that was in Daniel, and there are several timestamps in Haggai and Zechariah that are very close together.) This is when work started on the Second Temple; it was incorporated into Herod’s Temple that Jesus visited.
  • Haggai 2:10 and 18 – These are the 24th day of the ninth month of the second year of Darius. The foundation of the Temple was laid, and God had Haggai ask the priest a question. The point of the first words from the Lord on this day was to have the people consider carefully how things changed when they finally started building the Temple.
  • Haggai 2:20 – This is a separate message that was given on the same day. This was a word of encouragement to Zerubbabel, who is a forefather of Jesus.
  • Zechariah 1:7 – On the 24th day of the eleventh month, the month of Shebat in the second year of Darius a word came to Zechariah. (This is the religious calendar.)
  • Nehemiah 9:1 – This is the 24th day of the seventh month, which is after the Day of Atonement. (religious calendar) This should match the day that Daniel had his vision.  

Hebrew Jewish Months in the Old Testament – Bible History (bible-history.com)

The Elders in the Book of Revelation

  • Revelation 4:4 and 10, 5:8, 11:16, and 19:4 are all references to the 24 elders who worship God before His throne.

Bible 911 Esther

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Esther 9:11 On that day the number of those that were slain in Shushan the palace was brought before the king. (KJV)

In studying and pondering this Bible 911, I see this verse as “an end” and “a start”. An internet search will reveal movies, controversies, agendas, and extra verses for Esther, not bad for only ten chapters. I choose to leave those alone.

A Start

No matter what anyone says, the celebration that started in the ninth chapter, Purim, is still observed. That speaks volumes if you will let it. A pur is like some dice. It is the same idea as the Disciples “casting a lot” to pick the replacement for Judas. It is possible that is also the idea behind the Urim and Thummim.

An End

Mordecai and Esther ended the family line of Agag the Amalekite, which is something their ancestors King Saul and his son Jonathan did not do. Agag is the king of the Amalekites whom Saul was to kill in 1 Samuel 15. Please read Amalek Part 1 and Part 2.

The great victory in Esther 9:11 did not end the family of Esau/Edom and it probably did not end the Amalekites (I think). They are descendants of Abraham with a lot of history. God was not pleased with them, as shown in Exodus 17:16 and Hebrews 12:16. Even Malachi 1 has much to say about them, if Ezra did write Malachi that would fit in with the ideas in Esther 9. Most of the prophets were given words that were against Esau, Edom, and Mount Seir.

Samples of Amalekites being around after 1 Samuel 15:

  • They raided Ziklag and David fought against them in 1 Samuel 29.
  • One killed King Saul-2 Samuel 1.
  • 1 Chronicles 4:43 has a story from the time of Hezekiah about them.

Agag’s Family Connections

  • Genesis 36: 12 and 16
  • 1 Samuel 15 – Agag and the homeland of Havilah to Shur (verse 7). Ishmael and the Philistines also have connections to this area.
  • Esther 3:1
  • Exodus 17 and Deuteronomy 25 tell the story of the Amalek attack on Israel as it left Egypt.
  • Ephraim and Manasseh, while in Egypt, had raiding bands that may have terrorized the area from Shur and Havilah – 1 Chronicles 7:21 – 22. 
  • Ezekiel 35:5-6 speaks of an “ancient hostility” that bloomed as Jerusalem fell to Babylon. The hostility may have been Saul’s attack, or the raid in Exodus 17 that could have come from those raids in 1 Chronicles 7:21 – 22, but I have a feeling it was Esau selling and being tricked out of the right of the firstborn – Genesis 27. Amalek may have caught the offense of his grandfather and never let it alone.

If you want a study, the story and history of Esau would keep you busy for a while. Esau’s family line is recorded in Genesis 36. Reseach the Prophets also.

Esther’s Family

Esther is a Benjamite. Her uncle Mordecai’s genealogy is in Esther 2:6 and it is indicated that he was carried off with Jehoiachin. They are related to Jonathan and Saul. The Benjamite genealogy is found in 1 Chronicles 8; the very next section is the captives who returned from Babylon (that is probably from Ezra). Saul and Jonathan’s family tree is 1 Chronicles 9: 35-44. Between these passages and tradition, we believe that Esther was a granddaughter of Jonathan through Mephibosheth and his son Micah. (Please view Why Hide a Grandson There and Lo Debar a Second Look. Lo Debar was not a dump and I believe Mephibosheth was with family that was protecting him and providing for him. The last story in the Book of Judges changed a lot for the tribe of Benjamin.)

Some about Benjamin:

  1. He is the only progenitor of the Tribes that was born in the Promised Land. The rest were born in Paddan Aram/Haran or Egypt.
  2. Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives are in the territory allotted to Benjamin.
  3. He was the thirteenth child of Jacob. (12 sons, 1 daughter)

127 Providences

The Persian kingdom was huge. It wrapped the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and went to India. Jerusalem and Shushan were just two of the 127 providences, so how many actually had Jews in them? The couriers and the horses had a serious trip to take.

Times

The years in Esther are referenced by Xerxes’ rule of Persia. I wonder if the “months” are from the Jewish calendar. Movies crunch the years to fit it into a two-hour time slot.

  • 1:3 is the third year of his rule, so he throws a party.
  • 2:12 has twelve months of beauty treatments for the maidens.
  • 2:16 is the seventh year of his reign. There was no big rush to pick a new queen.
  • 3:7 is the twelfth year of Xerxes’ reign.
  • 3:12 and 13 are the days of the months for the writing of the letters and the day picked to kill the Jews.

The first celebration would have been in the thirteenth year. The day of writing the letters in 3:12 would have been just before Passover.

Hebrew Jewish Months in the Old Testament – Bible History (bible-history.com)

Things that caught my attention

  1. Where the action and setting of the Books took place. (This is not a complete list.) No part of Esther takes place in the Promised Land. For the most part, Exodus through Deuteronomy is not in Israel. Daniel and Ezekiel are set outside of Israel with references to the Land. Jonah starts in the Land and goes to Nineveh.
  2. Acrostics found in Esther. The name of God is not found in Esther, but there are acrostics for it in the text. This site actually listed them, if you go searching the internet, please know there are many agendas out there.  Q&A: Is God in Esther? (thirdmill.org)  
  3. Haman, Agag, and Amalek are people who did not do right by Israel. We need to remember the real enemy from Isaiah 14:12, it is Lucifer who stirs people to attack the Jews because they are God’s chosen people through Abraham.

What is your Amalek?

This is a metaphorical question. Amalek was the first thing to attack Israel after they passed through the Red Sea leaving Egypt. They plagued Israel and the Father promised them He would fight against them. I believe they are one thing that will be put under the feet of Jesus. So, what attacked you after you repented and were baptized and is still warring against you?